MAINTENANCE PRINCIPLE AND PROCEDURE

INTRODUCTION Maintenance is the cornerstone of asset sustainability. An effective preventive maintenance program, combined with good operational practices, will reduce the need for much corrective and emergency maintenance, as well as total operating cost. A good preventive maintenance program will service not only mechanical and electrical equipment, but also the infrastructure and utility systems required to support the production process.  MAINTENANCE HISTORY 1. In the period of pre-World war II, people thought of maintenance as an added cost to the plant which did not increase the value of finished product. 2. During and after World war II at the time when  the advances of engineering and scientific technology developed, people developed other types of maintenance, which were much cheaper such as preventive maintenance.

Some defines maintenance as: 

Workplace safety results in fewer accidents, which results in fewer costs for worker’s compensation, less down time for employees, and less retraining time for workers otherwise needed to replace an injured worker. Avoiding damage to equipment will result in fewer repair costs. Worker performance is improved when workers know how to prevent injuries and have confidence in management's active role in protecting their safety.

To increase functional reliability of production facilities.  To improve operational safety To train personal in specific maintenance skills

Maintenance performed at level best qualified, responsive & cost effective. Repairs beyond organic capability delivered to next level. Unit level performed before evacuated. Controlled exchange used to support maintenance.

1)  To extend the use of assets 2)  To ensure optimum availability of the equipment installed for production and obtain maximum return on investment perhaps 3)  To ensure operational readiness and all equipment required in an emergency every time 4)  To ensure the safety of people using the facility / service.

1.       Planned Maintenance : The maintenance organized and carried out with forethought, control and the use of records to a predetermined plan. 2.       Breakdown maintenance: Breakdown Maintenance is an improvement made without any prior plans. 3.       Preventive Maintenance: The maintenance carried at predetermined intervals or corresponding to prescribed criteria and intended to reduce the probability of failure or the performance degradation of an item. 4.       Corrective Maintenance: The maintenance carried out after a failure has occurred and intended to restore an item to a state in which it can perform its required function. 5.      Emergency Maintenance: The maintenance which it is necessary to put in hand immediately to avoid serious consequences. 

A safe work environment is a productive one. No matter the size or type of the business, workplace safety procedures are a necessity for all staff. Safety measures protect employees as well as equipment and business property. Avoiding or minimizing injuries and damage to equipment and facilities will result in fewer expenses and more profit for a business.

- Identifying workplace safety issues is the first step in protecting employees. Common work safety concerns can include ergonomics, presence of hazardous chemicals, mechanical problems, noise pollution, restricted visibility, dangers of falling and weather-related hazards. - Issues with non-ergonomic equipment may cause human health problems, including sore backs and carpal tunnel syndrome. Chemicals can explode, causing burns, or pose the danger of poisoning. - Mechanical safety issues can occur related to the operation of any machine in the workplace. Noise and visibility issues can compromise an employee’s hearing and sight. Falls resulting from poor housekeeping or negligence can cause serious injury and death - Procedures should be in place to prevent them. Ice, snow and rain can create hazards of their own; employees need to be trained how to operate equipment safely when weather conditions are bad.

Each business should have a safety policy in place, created either by management or in a joint effort between management and staff. Every employee has a role in carrying out the safety policies. A safety handbook should be created identifying safety issues and spelling out consequences of not following the appropriate safety procedures.

Training is necessary so that employees will know how to practice safety in the workplaces. Depending on the type of equipment used, the training may be required by a federal mandate. For example, any workplace that operates a forklift must provide training for employees for its safe operation. Training can come from outside experts hired to teach classes or employees specially trained to perform safety instruction.

Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) must be available to anyone who comes in contact with a potential work hazard. This can include hard hats, protective eye wear, earplugs, shoes, gloves and clothing. Even an office worker who delivers a message to a work area near a potential hazard must put on the appropriate PPE. Type of Hand Tools 1. Hammer a)  Use a claw hammer for pulling nails and for driving nails. b)  Do not strike nails or other objects with the "cheek" of the                hammer. c)  Do not strike one hammer against another hammer. d)  Do not use a hammer, screwdriver, file, etc., if your hands are          oily, greasy or wet. 2.    Hand Files & Rasp a)  Do not use a file as a pry bar, hammer, screwdriver or chisel. b)  When using a file or a rasp, grasp the handle in one hand and the toe of the file in the other...

            Today, with competition in industry at an all time high, TPM may be the only thing that stands between success and total failure for some companies. It has proven to be program that works, it can be adapted to work not only in industry plants, but in construction, building maintenance, transportation, and variety or other situations. If everyone involve in TPM program does his or her part an unusually high rate of return compared to resources invested may be expected.

COLLEGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN n.d , PRINCIPLES OF MAINTENANCE, Dr. ABDUL-MOHSEN AL-HAMMAD, viewed 14 january 2019, http://faculty.kfupm.edu.sa/ARE/amhammad/ARE-457-course-web/Prince_Maint.pdf . YourArticleLibrary n.d , Maintenance Management: Objectives, Costs and Policies, Diksha Kashyap, viewed 14 January 2019, http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/maintenance-management/maintenance-management-objectives-costs-and-policies/57438 . Brown, Denise. "What Is Workplace Safety?" Small Business - Chron.com, http://smallbusiness.chron.com/workplace-safety-43459.html. Accessed 17 January 2019. General Maintenance, Published on Jun 24, 2009, Training on Maintenance System, pradhyot05 , https://www.slideshare.net/pradhyot05/general-maintenance .